This is a an example of an if/else condition

You selected the right number! It was 10!

This is an example of a PHP case

You got it right and guessed 10!

Conditions work by checking the value provided in the variable up against what the condition requires. In the case of this situation the number required was 10 and if you didn't have then it moved on to other potential cases if you had none then it doesn't do anything.